San Marino

Introduction

Background
Geographically the third-smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's social and political trends track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.

Geography

Area
total : 61 sq km
land: 61 sq km
water: 0 sq km

Climate
Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Natural resources
building stone

People and Society

Population
total: 35,095 (2024 est.)

Ethnic groups
Sammarinese, Italian

Languages
Italian

Religions
Roman Catholic

Population growth rate
0.57% (2024 est.)

Government

Government type
parliamentary republic

Capital
name: San Marino (city)

Executive branch
chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captains Regent Denise BRONZETTI and Italo RIGHI (for the period 1 April 2025 - 30 September 2025)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)

Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN

Economy

Economic overview
high-income, non-EU European economy; surrounded by Italy, which is the dominant importer and exporter; open border to EU and a euro user; strong financial sector; high foreign investments; low taxation; increasingly high and risky debt

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$2.393 billion (2022 est.)
$2.218 billion (2021 est.)
$1.947 billion (2020 est.)

Real GDP per capita
$70,900 (2022 est.)
$64,700 (2021 est.)
$56,000 (2020 est.)

Exports
$3.616 billion (2022 est.)
$3.23 billion (2021 est.)
$2.439 billion (2020 est.)

Exports - partners
Germany 12%, Austria 10%, USA 9%, Romania 8%, Brazil 7% (2023)

Exports - commodities
washing and bottling machines, other foods, packaged medicine, woodworking machines, aircraft (2023)

Imports
$3.169 billion (2022 est.)
$2.94 billion (2021 est.)
$2.232 billion (2020 est.)

Imports - partners
Germany 24%, Italy 13%, Netherlands 9%, Spain 9%, Poland 8% (2023)

Imports - commodities
garments, cars, electricity, animal food, footwear (2023)

Human Development Index

The country's Human Development Index (HDI) is 0.915, ranking it 29th out of 193 countries tested. (more information)