Belize

World Book Index

Introduction

Belize, a vibrant nation located on the eastern coast of Central America, is rich in cultural heritage and natural beauty. Once the heart of several Mayan city-states, its historical significance is profound, with remnants of ancient civilizations still visible today. The country transitioned from being a British colony, known as British Honduras, to achieving independence in 1981 after a prolonged struggle marked by territorial disputes with Guatemala. Today, Belize stands as a testament to resilience, blending its rich history with a diverse cultural tapestry that attracts visitors from around the globe.

Neighboring countries

Guatemala - Mexico

Geography

Area
Total: 22,966 sq km
Land: 22,806 sq km
Water: 160 sq km

Belize is characterized by its diverse geography, which includes coastal plains, rolling hills, and a barrier reef that is the second largest in the world. The country experiences a tropical climate, marked by high humidity and significant rainfall during the wet season from May to November, while the dry season extends from February to May. The natural resources of Belize are abundant, with arable land potential, timber, fish, and hydropower contributing to its ecological wealth and economic prospects.

People and Society

Population
Total: 415,789 (2024 estimated)

Belize is a melting pot of cultures, with a population that reflects a rich tapestry of ethnic backgrounds. The largest ethnic group is Mestizo, comprising 52.9% of the population, followed by Creole at 25.9%, and Maya at 11.3%. The Garifuna, East Indian, Mennonite, White, Asian, and other groups contribute to the country's cultural diversity. English is the official language, spoken by 62.9% of the population, while Spanish and Creole are also widely used, highlighting the multilingual nature of Belizean society. The religious landscape is predominantly Roman Catholic (40.1%), with a significant Protestant community (31.5%), showcasing the spiritual diversity that characterizes the nation. The population growth rate of 1.47% (2024 estimated) indicates a dynamic demographic landscape, which presents both opportunities and challenges for the country's development.

Government

Government type
Parliamentary democracy (National Assembly) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm

Capital
Name: Belmopan

Belize operates under a parliamentary democracy, with the National Assembly serving as the legislative body. The country recognizes the British monarch as the head of state, currently King Charles III, who is represented locally by the Governor-General. The Prime Minister, currently John Briceño, leads the executive branch, ensuring the implementation of government policies and the administration of public affairs. This political framework allows for a balance of power and representation, fostering democratic governance in Belize.

Diplomatic representation in the US
Chief of mission: Ambassador Lynn Raymond Young (since 7 July 2021)

Diplomatic representation from the US
Chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Katharine Beamer (since 23 August 2025)

Economy

Economic overview
Belize's economy is primarily driven by tourism and agriculture, sectors that have shown a strong rebound following the challenges posed by the pandemic. The government has implemented innovative and ecological bond restructuring, significantly lowering public debt while expanding marine protections. The central bank's introduction of USD-denominated treasury notes has enhanced financial stability, and the high mobility across borders facilitates trade and investment opportunities.

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$5.538 billion (2024 estimated)
$5.12 billion (2023 estimated)
$5.062 billion (2022 estimated)

Real GDP per capita
$13,300 (2024 estimated)
$12,500 (2023 estimated)
$12,600 (2022 estimated)

Exports
$1.64 billion (2024 estimated)
$1.536 billion (2023 estimated)
$1.369 billion (2022 estimated)

Exports - partners
USA 22%, UK 14%, Spain 9%, Guatemala 7%, Portugal 5% (2023)

Exports - commodities
Raw sugar, bananas, fish, shellfish, refined petroleum (2023)

Imports
$1.724 billion (2024 estimated)
$1.573 billion (2023 estimated)
$1.574 billion (2022 estimated)

Imports - partners
USA 37%, China 17%, Guatemala 10%, Mexico 8%, Costa Rica 6% (2023)

Imports - commodities
Refined petroleum, orthopedic appliances, ships, garments, tobacco (2023)

Human Development Index

The country's Human Development Index (HDI) is 0.721, ranking it 115th out of 193 countries tested. (more information)

World Happiness Report

The World Happiness Report ranked the country 24th out of 158 countries tested with a score of 6.711. (more information)