Malta

World Book Index

Introduction

Malta, an archipelago steeped in history, has been a crossroads of civilizations for millennia. Its strategic location in the Mediterranean Sea has made it a focal point for trade and cultural exchange. The islands are home to some of the oldest megalithic structures known to humanity, reflecting a rich heritage that attracts scholars and tourists alike. Following its colonization by the British in 1814, Malta achieved independence in 1964 and transitioned to a republic in 1974. In recent decades, Malta has adeptly repositioned itself as a vital hub for freight transshipment, financial services, and tourism, showcasing its adaptability and resilience in a rapidly changing global landscape.

Neighboring countries

Italy - Libya - Tunisia

Geography

Area
Total: 316 sq km
Land: 316 sq km
Water: 0 sq km

Climate
Malta enjoys a Mediterranean climate characterized by mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers, making it an attractive destination year-round.

Natural resources
The islands are endowed with limestone, salt, and arable land, which play a crucial role in supporting local agriculture and construction industries.

People and Society

Population
Total: 469,730 (2024 estimated)

Ethnic groups
The Maltese population is primarily composed of descendants of ancient Carthaginians and Phoenicians, with significant influences from Italian and other Mediterranean ethnicities, creating a unique cultural tapestry.

Languages
Maltese (official) 90.1%, English (official) 6%, multilingual 3%, other 0.9% (2005 estimated). The bilingual nature of the population reflects Malta's historical ties and its integration into the European Union.

Religions
Roman Catholic (official) more than 90% (2006 estimated). The predominance of Roman Catholicism shapes the cultural and social norms of Maltese society.

Population growth rate
0.51% (2024 estimated). This moderate growth rate indicates a stable demographic environment, influenced by both natural increase and immigration.

Government

Government type
Parliamentary republic

Capital
Name: Valletta

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Myriam Spiteri DEBONO (since 4 April 2024)
Head of government: Prime Minister Robert ABELA (since 13 January 2020)

Diplomatic representation in the US
Chief of mission: Ambassador Godfrey C. XUEREB (since 19 April 2023)

Diplomatic representation from the US
Chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Ken TOKO (since 20 January 2025)

Economy

Economic overview
Malta operates as a high-income economy and is a member of the European Union. Its economy is characterized by a diversified portfolio that includes strong sectors in tourism, trade, and manufacturing. The country utilizes the euro and is notably dependent on imports for food and energy. The influx of North African immigrants has also contributed to the labor market, while a robust welfare system supports the population. The educated workforce is a significant asset, driving innovation and economic growth.

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$34.731 billion (2024 estimated)
$32.774 billion (2023 estimated)
$30.689 billion (2022 estimated)

Real GDP per capita
$60,500 (2024 estimated)
$59,300 (2023 estimated)
$57,800 (2022 estimated)

Exports
$29.245 billion (2024 estimated)
$26.647 billion (2023 estimated)
$23.566 billion (2022 estimated)

Exports - partners
Nigeria 28%, Germany 10%, China 6%, Singapore 5%, Hong Kong 4% (2023)

Exports - commodities
Refined petroleum, integrated circuits, packaged medicine, ships, postage stamps/documents (2023)

Imports
$24.505 billion (2024 estimated)
$22.637 billion (2023 estimated)
$21.406 billion (2022 estimated)

Imports - partners
Italy 18%, China 10%, Germany 8%, France 7%, Turkey 7% (2023)

Imports - commodities
Ships, refined petroleum, integrated circuits, aircraft, packaged medicine (2023)

Human Development Index

The country's Human Development Index (HDI) is 0.924, ranking it 24th out of 193 countries tested. (more information)

World Happiness Report

The World Happiness Report ranked the country 59th out of 158 countries tested with a score of 6.017. (more information)