Armenia

World Book Index

Introduction

Background
Armenia is a landlocked country in Southwestern Asia or Eurasia. It is situated at the gateway between Western Asia and Eastern Europe and is bordered by Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, and Turkey. Located in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains, Armenia is a mountainous region with fast-flowing rivers.

Geography

Area
total : 29,743 sq km
land: 28,203 sq km
water: 1,540 sq km

Climate
highland continental, hot summers, cold winters

Natural resources
small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, bauxite

People and Society

Population
total: 2,976,765 (2024 est.)

Ethnic groups
Armenian 98.1%, Yezidi 1.1%, other 0.8% (2022 est.)

Languages
Armenian (official) 97.9%, Kurmanji (spoken by Yezidi minority) 1%, other 1.1%; note - Russian is widely spoken (2011 est.)

Religions
Armenian Apostolic Christian 95.2%, other Christian 1.6%, other 0.9%, none 0.6%, unspecified 1.7% (2022 est.)

Population growth rate
-0.42% (2024 est.)

Government

Government type
parliamentary democracy; note - constitutional changes adopted in December 2015 transformed the government to a parliamentary system

Capital
name: Yerevan

Executive branch
chief of state: President Vahagn KHACHATURYAN (since 13 March 2022)
head of government: Prime Minister Nikol PASHINYAN (since 10 September 2021)

Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Narek MKRTCHYAN (since 19 September 2025)

Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Kristina A. KVIEN (since 21 February 2023)

Economy

Economic overview
upper-middle income, fast-growing Caucasus economy; stable fiscal and monetary regime but vulnerable to geopolitical shocks; economic and energy ties to Russia but seeking more EU and US trade; key copper and gold exporter; business-friendly and anti-corruption reforms; persistent unemployment; influx of migrants from Ukraine war easing

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$60.909 billion (2024 est.)
$57.516 billion (2023 est.)
$53.108 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita
$20,100 (2024 est.)
$19,400 (2023 est.)
$17,900 (2022 est.)

Exports
$18.618 billion (2024 est.)
$14.338 billion (2023 est.)
$10.118 billion (2022 est.)

Exports - partners
Russia 37%, UAE 25%, Hong Kong 7%, China 5%, Georgia 4% (2023)

Exports - commodities
gold, diamonds, copper ore, broadcasting equipment, jewelry (2023)

Imports
$19.087 billion (2024 est.)
$14.532 billion (2023 est.)
$10.265 billion (2022 est.)

Imports - partners
Russia 29%, China 12%, Vietnam 6%, Georgia 5%, Iran 4% (2023)

Imports - commodities
cars, gold, diamonds, broadcasting equipment, natural gas (2023)

Human Development Index

The country's Human Development Index (HDI) is 0.811, ranking it 69th out of 193 countries tested. (more information)

World Happiness Report

The World Happiness Report ranked the country 74th out of 158 countries tested with a score of 5.816. (more information)