United Arab Emirates

World Book Index

Introduction

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven emirates, each with its own unique character and governance. Established in 1971, the UAE emerged from the Trucial States, which were under British protection in the 19th century. This strategic alliance allowed the emirates to consolidate their resources and sovereignty, leading to a unified nation that has become a significant player on the global stage. The UAE is renowned for its rapid development, transforming from a collection of small fishing villages into a modern metropolis characterized by towering skyscrapers and a vibrant economy. The nation’s commitment to innovation and diversification continues to shape its identity in the 21st century.

Neighboring countries

Bahrain - Iran - Kuwait - Oman - Qatar - Saudi Arabia

Geography

Area
Total: 83,600 sq km
Land: 83,600 sq km
Water: 0 sq km

The United Arab Emirates is located on the southeastern corner of the Arabian Peninsula, bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south and west, and Oman to the southeast. The country features a predominantly desert landscape, characterized by vast stretches of sand dunes and arid terrain. However, the eastern region is home to the Hajar Mountains, which provide a cooler climate and a stark contrast to the surrounding desert. The UAE's geographical position along the Persian Gulf not only enhances its strategic importance but also contributes to its rich biodiversity, including coastal ecosystems and marine life. The nation’s natural resources, primarily petroleum and natural gas, have played a crucial role in its economic development and global trade relations.

People and Society

Population
Total: 10,032,213 (2024 estimated)

The demographic composition of the United Arab Emirates is a fascinating blend of cultures and ethnicities. Emiratis, who make up 11.6% of the population, coexist with a significant expatriate community, primarily from South Asia, which accounts for 59.4% of the population. This includes a substantial number of Indians, Bangladeshis, and Pakistanis, reflecting the UAE's role as a hub for migrant labor. The presence of Egyptians, Filipinos, and other nationalities further enriches the social fabric of the country. Arabic is the official language, but English is widely spoken, facilitating communication in this multicultural society. The religious landscape is predominantly Muslim, with 74.5% of the population adhering to Islam, while other faiths, including Christianity and Hinduism, are also practiced, showcasing the UAE's commitment to tolerance and coexistence.

Population growth rate
0.6% (2024 estimated)

Government

Government type
Federation of monarchies

Capital
Name: Abu Dhabi

The United Arab Emirates operates as a federation of seven emirates, each governed by its own monarch. The President, currently Muhammad bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan, serves as the head of state, while the Prime Minister, Muhammad bin Rashid Al Maktum, acts as the head of government. This unique political structure allows for a balance of power among the emirates, fostering cooperation while maintaining individual autonomy. The UAE's government is characterized by a commitment to modernization and economic diversification, with ongoing reforms aimed at enhancing governance and public services. The diplomatic representation in the United States is led by Ambassador Yousif Al Otaiba, emphasizing the UAE's strategic partnerships on the global stage.

Economy

Economic overview
The United Arab Emirates boasts a high-income, oil-driven economy that stands out as one of the fastest-growing in the Gulf region. The nation has made significant strides in diversifying its economic base, with substantial investments in tourism, construction, and services. This diversification strategy has been bolstered by a strong orientation towards foreign direct investment, reflecting the UAE's commitment to creating a business-friendly environment. Continued government investment in infrastructure and innovation has further solidified the UAE's position as a global economic hub.

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$745.994 billion (2024 estimated)
$718.95 billion (2023 estimated)
$693.842 billion (2022 estimated)

Real GDP per capita
$68,600 (2024 estimated)
$68,600 (2023 estimated)
$68,900 (2022 estimated)

Exports
$558.402 billion (2023 estimated)
$521.897 billion (2022 estimated)
$425.156 billion (2021 estimated)

Exports - partners
China 11%, India 11%, Japan 10%, Iraq 6%, Thailand 4% (2023)

Exports - commodities
Crude petroleum, refined petroleum, gold, broadcasting equipment, natural gas (2023)

Imports
$481.852 billion (2023 estimated)
$427.992 billion (2022 estimated)
$347.529 billion (2021 estimated)

Imports - partners
China 19%, India 7%, USA 6%, Turkey 4%, Japan 4% (2023)

Imports - commodities
Gold, broadcasting equipment, cars, refined petroleum, diamonds (2023)

Human Development Index

The country's Human Development Index (HDI) is 0.940, ranking it 15th out of 193 countries tested. (more information)

World Happiness Report

The World Happiness Report ranked the country 34th out of 158 countries tested with a score of 6.448. (more information)